Scientists 'crack the code' to regenerating knee cartilage

Scientists at the Northwestern University in Illinois have developed a groundbreaking "goo" with the potential to revolutionise knee cartilage regeneration, offering hope for those suffering from worn-down or damaged knee cartilage.

According to Futurism, the "goo", which is an innovative biomaterial, may possibly eliminate the need for invasive and costly knee replacement.

Cartilage, a connective tissue that is vital for shock absorption and mobility, does not naturally regenerate, posing significant challenges for individuals with compromised cartilage.

The study published in the journal PNAS details the remarkable results of applying the rubbery biomaterial to human-like knee joints in sheep.

Within six months, the researchers observed extraordinary new cartilage growth in the animal subjects.

"Cartilage is a critical component in our joints," said Samuel Stupp, Northwestern professor of chemistry and study leader, in a statement. "When cartilage becomes damaged or breaks down over time, it can have a great impact on people's overall health and mobility."

"The problem is that, in adult humans, cartilage does not have an inherent ability to heal," Stupp added. "Our new therapy can induce repair in a tissue that does not naturally regenerate."

According to the study, the goo comprises cellular elements like peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides, which together form an injectable "scaffolding".

This scaffolding binds to a protein called transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFb-1), which assists in cellular regrowth and wound healing, and also works to lubricate joints with a version of hyaluronic acid, the common skincare ingredient.

The idea behind creating a scaffold for cells, rather than a straight-up cartilage replacement, is that the scaffolding offers a way for the body to rebuild itself from the inside out.

Although it's still unclear how human knees might react to the goo, the results of the study clearly have the scientists excited as its applications go beyond later-life knee replacement surgeries.